Is It Time to Update Your PFD?

 I have had my Personal Flotation Device or PFD since I got my first kayak. It's old and dependable and fits like a glove. My front zip Extrasport Eddy with quad-hinged front foam and retracted shoulder adjustments has made almost every kayaking trip I have taken since I bought it in 2010.  It's once bright yellow and black fabric is now sweat-stained and faded in the sun by countless trips to the river and lake. Made to last, its zippers and adjustable belts show little signs of wear tear with over five years of use. It could last another 10 years before its retired and exhibited at the Wisconsin Canoe Heritage Museum. You don't just throw away a piece of canoe and kayak history.
Regardless of my sentiments, the PFD is hardly the vest I bought new. Experts say PFD’s are made up of a variety of materials which over time can be damaged by the environment where they are utilized.
"The foam inside the PFD loses floatation a variety of different ways from ultraviolet light damage to off-gassing just sitting on the shelf, " says the  River Store whitewater safety instructor Gigi McBee, "The floatation comes from the bubbles in the foam maintaining their shape. As the PFD is exposed to UV,  it loses some of the bubble structure and will compress."

 McBee gives 3 tips to tell if your PFD is starting to lose its floatation.

• Does color looked damaged by the sun, including looking at shoulder straps and stitching in critical areas that are pulled on in an emergency.  If there is color damage your PFD is not as strong.
•  Squeeze the foam between thumb and index finger, release, does the foam bounce back instantly, or does it gradually come back out.  If it gradually does the foam no longer is holding air in many places and has lost floatation.
• Go out and test it.  Get out in deeper water, if you feel like the vest is floating you well great, keep in mind whitewater is aerated and does not hold you up as well as nonaerated water.  Saltwater will give you more buoyancy. 
• UV damage can cause the stitching to fail, and fabric to tear,  Check the fade of the PFD.

 "Was it red once and now pink? Is the elastic stretched out, neoprene faded," said Mcbee, "If you are depending on your PFD to stay on you especially if someone has to haul on the straps to pull you up into a raft or out of a sieve you really need that stitching and cloth to hold up."
There isn't a set number of days or seasons says Mcbee for the life of a PFD.  Most folks can get away with buying a new PFD every 3-6 years depending on its use, storage, exposure to UV rays. Heat can damage the foam on the inside of the jacket and some oils will be reactive with the foam in such a way that the air pockets in the foam will soften and lose air content resorting in less floatation. 

"There are some ways you can do to extend the life," said Mcbee, "Store it somewhere cool, Use something like 303 to spray on the fabric of the PFD to protect it from the sun and don't leave your PFD in the car where it can get over 100 degrees." 

• Air dry in a cool out of the sun area when not using your PFD, keeping it free from molds, oil, and salt residue.  NEVER dry with an external heat source like heater, dryer, or in the hot sun. as this will damage the foam floatation.
•  Clean PFD with a mild soap periodically to help maintain the exterior fabric.   Do not use the PFD as a seat cushion it will damage the foam floatation.  
•   Check buckles, zips to make sure they are in working order. 

The great thing about PFD’s is that they float… well, at least they should, that is why Mcbee recommends a simple float test before that big river outing. 
"See if you are positive or negative on the buoyancy." said McBee,  "Most PFD’s used in the paddling industry are type III or type V these hold 15.5 to 22 lbs of floatation. If you are negative a little loss of flotation is a big deal.  If the vest is not for you, but for friends to use, you may want to go with a high float PFD that way even if it loses some floatation it will have more then the average jacket."

Looking at my PFD now, it might be time for an upgrade. The final decision was voiced by my wife.
 "It's ugly and stinky and I don't want it in the house."
Wisconsin Canoe Heritage Museum let me know when the exhibit is ready. Until then my PFD and its history will be on the display in my garage.

Swift Water Rescue Clinic

"If your buddy doesn't have a throw bag, give him yours," said the River Store's Gigi McBee, "In case you need it."

That was good advice,  I thought looking out over the South Fork of the American River. The river was running fast.  Kayaks and rafts kept coming by, bouncing in the pillow of waves just upstream from Henningsen Lotus Park.  Smiles and fun were the order of the day.  But, rivers are like that. Your friend one day... Over your head and gasping for air the next.  It's good to be ready for whatever it dishes out.

I recently took part in the Swift Water Rescue Clinic for Novices conducted McBee. The clinic was set up to teach fundamental skills for kayak based rescues, rescue throw bag techniques (throwing & retrieving) and swimming self-rescues. The exercise was designed to improve our skills along with bolstering our awareness and confidence on the river.

The rescue/throw bag is an essential piece of safety equipment used to rescue a swimmer and in some cases,  help unpin trapped boats. There should be a minimum of one per kayak on any trip.  I got mine a few years back after capsizing in icy Otter Tail River and not having one. I ordered it the next day and now it comes on every trip. It is a little faded but still holds up well.

We were instructed to practice softball or sidearm style pitches, trying to get the float bag as far as we could into the stream. Soon bright float bags and yellow ropes crisscross the river like spaghetti.   When re-stuffing the bag we were advised to, coil the rope directly into the bag. Coiling it first and then putting it into the bag can cause a tangle that prevents the rope from smoothly flowing out of the bag when tossed.

Soon we were ready for practicing being both swimmer and rescuer.  First, swim across the river through rapids. After some pointers, our instructor dove in to demonstrate.  She took a couple of strokes, gracefully rolled on to her back in the boil and swam out to another side with ease. Two others followed before it was my turn.

There are two ways of swimming through a rapid. Swim defensively or offensively.  Swimming defensive involves floating downstream in a protected position, lying on my back, feet downstream, arms out to the side and with my body floating on the surface as possible. But, in order to get through the rapid and cross the eddy line, I adopt the offensive swimming technique. Swimming freestyle hard through the boils and whirlpool.

I dove into the current and was washed downstream quickly. The chilly water took my breath away as swam through the rapid to the eddy. I took a quick breath and oriented myself before continuing across.  Misjudging the speed of water  I was quickly being carried away from the group.
"Rope!" was called from shore.
A rescue bag was tossed out to me in a softball style pitch. I instinctive swam toward the lifeline and grabbed the line.  Clinging to it the rescuers will swing me toward the banks of the river. I'd was the first rescue of the day.

I would play both swimmer and rescuer several more times that afternoon.  As a rescuer, I quickly realized how the rope becomes very taut with the pull of swimmer on the end.  Pulling and swinging the swimmer to safety takes some muscle even done correctly using a climber's technique of belaying the rope across my back and hips while another rescuer can assisted me by grabbing the back my PFD and helping with the brace.

The skills taught that weekend was invaluable.  Always have a rescue bag handy, and practice using it.  Also, make sure the folks you boat with have them too. The life that gets saved could be yours.


The River Store offers a variety of clinics and workshops throughout the paddling season. For more information, visit them online at www.theriverstore.com